Document Type : Scientific-research article
Authors
1
Masters in Psychology, Akhlaagh and Tarbiat Higher Education Institute, Qom, Iran
2
Associate Professor at the Department of Psychology, Imam Khomeini Education and Research Institute, Qom, Iran
Abstract
As a fundamental human relationship, friendship is pivotal to psychological well-being. Despite its emphasis in Islamic sources, the absence of a coherent conceptual model has limited the practical application of these teachings. This foundational study aimed to develop such a model by applying qualitative content analysis (using open, axial, and selective coding) to the Quran and authentic Hadiths. The resulting model's content validity was confirmed by nine experts, achieving a Content Validity Index of 0.98 and a Content Validity Ratio of 0.97. The findings reveal friendship as a three-dimensional construct. The cognitive dimension forms the intellectual and value-based foundation, including faith, reason, compatibility, and ethical orientation. The affective dimension enhances the relationship's depth and stability, comprising love, loyalty, compassion, benevolence, and empathy. Finally, the behavioral dimension is the tangible manifestation of the other two, consisting of honesty, support, adaptability, fairness, good conduct, patience, humility, and steadfastness. This model conceptualizes friendship as a conscious process for mutual transcendence, offering a theoretical framework for analyzing and enhancing relationships from a Positive Islamic Psychology perspective.
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